Welcome
Welcome to Peru, a land of ancient civilizations, vibrant culture, and breathtaking landscapes. Before embarking on your journey to this South American gem, there are essential things to know before visiting Peru that will enhance your experience and make your trip unforgettable. From exploring the mystical ruins of Machu Picchu to savoring delicious Peruvian cuisine, get ready to immerse yourself in a world of wonders. Let’s dive into what you need to know before setting foot in this captivating country.
Popular Tourist Attractions and Hidden Gems
1. Machu Picchu: Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan citadel located in the Andes Mountains. It is one of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. Visitors can explore the well-preserved ruins, including temples, terraces, and palaces. To fully appreciate the beauty and history of Machu Picchu, consider hiking the famous Inca Trail or taking the scenic train ride to the site.
2. Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca): Rainbow Mountain is a stunning natural wonder located in the Peruvian Andes. The mountain gets its name from the vibrant colors of the mineral deposits in the rock layers, creating a rainbow-like effect. The hike to Rainbow Mountain is challenging but rewarding, offering panoramic views of the colorful landscape. It is recommended to acclimatize to the high altitude before attempting the hike to fully enjoy this hidden gem.
3. Huacachina Oasis: Huacachina is a picturesque oasis nestled in the desert near the city of Ica. The oasis is surrounded by towering sand dunes, making it a popular destination for sandboarding and dune buggying. Visitors can relax by the tranquil lagoon, take a dune buggy ride at sunset, or try their hand at sandboarding down the steep dunes. Huacachina offers a unique desert experience that is not to be missed.
4. Colca Canyon: Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world, located in the Andes of southern Peru. The canyon is known for its stunning natural beauty, including terraced fields, traditional villages, and soaring condors. Visitors can hike along the canyon rim, soak in natural hot springs, or visit the Cruz del Condor viewpoint to see the majestic condors up close. Colca Canyon offers a peaceful escape into nature away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
5. Kuelap Fortress: Kuelap is an ancient walled city built by the Chachapoya civilization, predating the Inca Empire. The fortress is located on a mountaintop in northern Peru and is surrounded by lush cloud forests. Kuelap features massive stone walls, circular houses, and intricate carvings, offering a glimpse into the rich history of the region. Visitors can explore the site on foot or take a cable car for a bird’s eye view of the fortress and its surroundings.
6. Paracas National Reserve: Paracas National Reserve is a coastal nature reserve located near the town of Paracas. The reserve is known for its diverse marine and bird species, as well as its stunning red sand beaches and dramatic cliffs. Visitors can take boat tours to see sea lions, penguins, and dolphins, or explore the otherworldly landscapes of the reserve by bike or on foot. Paracas National Reserve is a hidden gem for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.
7. Chan Chan: Chan Chan is the largest pre-Columbian city in South America and was the capital of the Chimu Kingdom. The archaeological site is located near the city of Trujillo and features impressive adobe ruins, intricate carvings, and ceremonial plazas. Visitors can learn about the ancient Chimu culture and marvel at the architectural feats of the civilization. Chan Chan offers a fascinating glimpse into Peru’s rich cultural heritage and is a must-visit for history buffs and archaeology enthusiasts.
Food and Cuisine
1. Ceviche: A popular dish in Peru, ceviche is made with fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, typically lime or lemon, and spiced with chili peppers. This dish is usually served with onions, corn, sweet potatoes, and lettuce. The acidity of the citrus juice “cooks” the fish, giving it a unique and refreshing flavor that is perfect for warm weather.
2. Lomo Saltado: This is a traditional Peruvian stir-fry dish that combines marinated strips of sirloin steak with onions, tomatoes, and other vegetables. The dish is seasoned with soy sauce, vinegar, and spices, giving it a delicious and savory flavor. Lomo saltado is often served with rice and French fries, reflecting the fusion of Peruvian and Chinese culinary influences.
3. Aji de Gallina: Aji de gallina is a creamy chicken dish made with shredded chicken cooked in a sauce made from aji amarillo peppers, milk, bread, and nuts. This flavorful and mildly spicy dish is typically served with white rice, boiled potatoes, and hard-boiled eggs. Aji de gallina is a comfort food in Peru and is loved for its rich and creamy texture.
4. Anticuchos: Anticuchos are skewers of marinated and grilled beef heart, a popular street food in Peru. The beef heart is marinated in a mixture of vinegar, garlic, cumin, and aji panca (Peruvian red pepper). Once grilled, the anticuchos are typically served with boiled potatoes and a spicy peanut sauce. This dish showcases the Peruvian tradition of using all parts of the animal in their cuisine.
5. Picarones: Picarones are a traditional Peruvian dessert made from a sweet potato and squash dough that is deep-fried to create a crispy exterior and a soft interior. The dough is flavored with anise, cinnamon, and cloves, giving the picarones a warm and aromatic taste. These doughnut-like treats are often drizzled with a sweet syrup made from chancaca (unrefined cane sugar) and served hot. Picarones are a beloved dessert in Peru, especially during festivals and holidays.
Events and Festivals
1. Inti Raymi: Inti Raymi is an ancient Incan festival celebrated in Cusco, Peru, to honor the Sun God, Inti. This festival takes place on June 24th each year and involves colorful processions, music, and traditional dances. The main ceremony is held at the historic Sacsayhuamán fortress, where participants dress in elaborate costumes and reenact ancient rituals. Inti Raymi is a significant cultural event that attracts both locals and tourists who want to experience the rich Incan heritage.
2. Carnaval de Cajamarca: The Carnaval de Cajamarca is one of the most vibrant and lively festivals in Peru, held in the city of Cajamarca. This carnival takes place in February or March and features colorful parades, music, dancing, and water fights. Participants wear intricate costumes and masks while celebrating the arrival of the Catholic Lenten season. The highlight of the Carnaval de Cajamarca is the “yunza,” a traditional tree-cutting ceremony symbolizing good luck and abundance.
3. Qoyllur Rit’i: Qoyllur Rit’i is a unique religious festival held in the Sinakara Valley near Cusco, Peru. This festival combines Incan traditions with Catholic rituals and takes place in May or June. Thousands of pilgrims, including indigenous Quechua people, gather to pay homage to the Lord of Qoyllur Rit’i, a sacred glacier. The festival involves colorful processions, music, and dances, culminating in a pilgrimage to the glacier’s summit. Qoyllur Rit’i is recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
4. Mistura: Mistura is Peru’s largest food festival, held annually in Lima, the capital city. This gastronomic event showcases the diversity and richness of Peruvian cuisine, featuring traditional dishes from different regions of the country. Visitors can sample a wide variety of Peruvian delicacies, including ceviche, causa, and anticuchos, while enjoying live music and culinary demonstrations. Mistura aims to promote Peru’s culinary heritage and support local farmers and producers.
5. Virgen de la Candelaria: The Virgen de la Candelaria festival is a colorful celebration held in Puno, a city located on the shores of Lake Titicaca. This festival takes place in February and features elaborate parades, traditional dances, and music performances. Participants wear intricate costumes and masks, paying homage to the Virgin of Candelaria, the patron saint of Puno. The highlight of the festival is the Diablada, a dance that symbolizes the battle between good and evil. Virgen de la Candelaria is one of the largest and most important festivals in the Andean region.
Weather and Climate
Peru’s weather and climate vary greatly due to its diverse geography, which includes coastal deserts, highland mountains, and tropical rainforests. The country experiences three main climatic regions: the coast, the highlands, and the Amazon rainforest.
The coastal region, including cities like Lima, has a mild climate with little rainfall and temperatures ranging from 60°F to 80°F (15°C to 27°C) throughout the year. The best time to visit the coast is during the summer months from December to March when the weather is warm and sunny.
In the highlands, which include popular tourist destinations like Cusco and Machu Picchu, the climate is characterized by dry and wet seasons. The dry season from May to October is the best time to visit, as the days are sunny and the nights are cold. The wet season from November to April brings heavy rainfall, which can affect travel plans and hiking activities.
The Amazon rainforest region, with cities like Iquitos, experiences a hot and humid climate with heavy rainfall year-round. The best time to visit the Amazon is during the dry season from June to October when the weather is drier, making it easier to explore the rainforest and spot wildlife.
Overall, the best time to visit Peru depends on the region you plan to visit and the activities you want to do. For coastal areas, visit during the summer months. For the highlands, the dry season is ideal, while the Amazon is best visited during the dry season to avoid heavy rainfall. Be sure to check the specific weather conditions for the region you plan to visit to make the most of your trip to Peru.
Local Laws and Regulations
When visiting Peru, there are several local laws and regulations that visitors should be aware of to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip. Here are three specific laws that are important to note:
1. Coca Leaves: In Peru, the coca leaf is legal and culturally significant. However, it is illegal to export coca leaves or products containing coca leaves out of the country. Travelers should be cautious about purchasing coca products as souvenirs, as they may face legal issues when trying to leave Peru with these items.
2. Protected Sites: Peru is home to numerous archaeological sites and natural reserves that are protected by law. It is essential for visitors to respect these areas and follow the regulations in place. Climbing on or removing artifacts from archaeological sites is strictly prohibited and can result in severe penalties.
3. Altitude Sickness: While not a law, it is crucial for visitors to be aware of the risks associated with high altitudes in Peru, especially in cities like Cusco and Puno. Altitude sickness can affect anyone, regardless of age or fitness level. It is recommended to acclimatize slowly, stay hydrated, and avoid heavy meals and alcohol to prevent altitude-related health issues.
By being mindful of these local laws and regulations, visitors can have a safe and enjoyable experience while exploring the beautiful country of Peru.
Interesting Facts
Fact 1: Machu Picchu’s Mysterious Construction
One of the most famous archaeological sites in the world, Machu Picchu in Peru continues to intrigue researchers and visitors alike. Built by the Inca Empire in the 15th century, this ancient citadel stands at an impressive 7,970 feet above sea level in the Andes Mountains. What makes its construction so fascinating is the precision with which the massive stone blocks were cut and fitted together without the use of mortar. The exact techniques used to create such a marvel of engineering remain a mystery to this day, adding to the allure and mystique of Machu Picchu.
Fact 2: The Nazca Lines’ Enigmatic Designs
In the Nazca Desert of southern Peru, enormous geoglyphs known as the Nazca Lines cover an area of nearly 200 square miles. These ancient designs, created between 500 BC and 500 AD, consist of various figures such as animals, plants, and geometric shapes that can only be fully appreciated from above. The mystery surrounding the purpose and method of creating these intricate lines adds to their enigmatic appeal. Some theories suggest they served as astronomical calendars or religious symbols, while others propose they were used in rituals or as markers for sources of water.
Fact 3: The Floating Islands of Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca, located on the border of Peru and Bolivia, is renowned for its unique floating islands. Inhabited by the Uros people, these islands are constructed entirely from totora reeds that grow abundantly in the lake. The Uros have maintained this traditional way of life for centuries, building and rebuilding their islands by layering fresh reeds on top as the bottom layers decompose. The islands are not only a testament to human ingenuity but also serve as a reminder of the deep connection between the indigenous communities and the natural environment in this region.
